پیوند به مقاله ی اصلی

As it was shown, the speakers of ancient Madi, Persian, Parthian, etc. languages ​​always themselves “Aryan”(Iranian) Referred to. The current language of the Iranian branch of the Northwest ( The sample period is the middle Parsy ) And Southwest (The sample period is the middle of the Persian Sassanid) and these two languages ​​were very close to each other.

If we look at some other groups, maybe the above question will be solved. The Chinese have different dialects and languages ​​but from the same root. Languages ​​like Cantonese- Mandarin-Taiwanese-Hui-Wu- Jin-Ping…All languages ​​are Chinese(And despite having the same root, they are so similar to each other that the speaker of one Chinese language cannot understand it.) But they are all Chinese people. In China, there are other ethnic groups that are not part of the Chinese ethnic group, such as Mongols, Uighurs, and Tajiks (Hub) و غیره.

Also, in relation to Arab countries, this is enough, Moroccan Arabic is very different from Iraqi Arabic and is not understandable. But since Arabic languages ​​have a common root, these people are also known as Arabs.

But in relation to Iranians, we return to this statement of Abu Rihan Biruni and Masoudi:

Abu al-Hasan Masoudi writes in al-Tanbiyyah and al-Ashraf:«پارسیان قومی بودند که قلم‌روشان دیار جبال بود از ماهات و غیره و آذربایجان تا مجاور ارمنیه و اران و بیلقان تا دربند که باب و ابواب است و ری و طبرستان و مسقط و شابران و گرگان و ابرشهر که نیشابور است و هرات و مرو و دیگر ولایت‌های خراسان و سیستان و کرمان و فارس و اهواز با دیگر سرزمین عجمان که در وقت حاضر به این ولایت‌ها پیوسته‌است، همهٔ این ولایت‌ها یک مملکت بود، پادشاه‌اش یکی بود و زبان‌اش یکی بود، فقط در بعضی کلمات تفاوت داشتند، زیرا وقتی حروفی که زبان را بدان می‌نویسند یکی باشد، زبان یکی است وگر چه در چیزهای دیگر تفاوت داشته باشد، چون پهلوی و دری و آذری و دیگر زبان‌های پارسی.»
Sequence read this post »

پیوند به مقاله ی اصلی

Fortunately, in relation to the Caspians, the names of some of their soldiers(under the supervision of the Achaemenians) It is found in an Aramaic text in Egypt and these names had Iranian roots. Therefore, the Caspians should be either Iranian or Iranianized (It means accepted Iranian language and culture) knew.

http://www.iranica.com/articles/caspians-gk

Professor Rudiger Schmidt says:

The Caspians have generally been regarded as a pre-Indo-European, that is, a pre-Iranian, people and have even been identified by some scholars with the Kassites (e.g., heart field, place. Cit.). Onomastic evidence bearing on this point has now been discovered in Aramaic papyri from Egypt, in which several Caspians (Aram. kspy) are mentioned as belonging to the garrison there; their names, for example, *Bagazushta (see Grelot, pp. 101ff.), are, at least in part, unequivocally Iranian. The Caspians must therefore be considered either an Iranian people or strongly under Iranian cultural influence. (Caspians in Encyclopedia Iranica-Rudiger Schmitt)
Sequence read this post »

پیوند به نشانی اصلی مقاله Language material

از زبان مادی حدود ده لغت بیشتر وجود ندارد. Dr. Asatarian writes in this regard:

http://www.azargoshnasp.net/Pasokhbehanirani/prolegomena-to-study-kurds.pdf

G. Asatrian, Prolegomena to the Study of the Kurds, Iran and the Caucasus, Vol.13, pp.1-58, 2009:

The Central Iranian dialects, and primarily those of the Kashan area in the first place, as well as the Azari dialects(otherwise called Southern Tati) are probably the only Iranian dialects, which can pretend to be the direct offshoots of Median (on the Medians and their language, see D’yakonov 1956; idem 1993; Mayrhofer 1968; Schmitt 1967; also Asatrian 2009) (pg 22)

یعنی تنها شاید زبانهای مرکزی کاشان و زبان تاتی آذربایجان را بتوانه ادامه مادی دانست. و ایشان لفظ “شاید” را بکار میبرند.

همانطور که گفته شد از زبان مادی تنها حدود ده لغت بجای مانده است. یکی از این لغتها spaka هست که در زبان خوانساری آن

محقق نامدار آلمانی به نام پروفسور مارتین وان برونسن میگوید:
Sequence read this post »

پیوند به مقاله ی اصلی Baloch people

The word Baloch actually has the same meaning.

It is important to note that the sources do not mention any leaders. It is likely that the Balōč at this period were a series of tribal communities not sharing any feelings of common ethnicity. In fact, the name Balōč (Balūč) appears to have been a name used by the settled (and especially the urban) population for a number of outlaw tribal groups over a very large area. The etymology is unclear, as is that of Kūč (also written as Küfeč, Suitcase or—arabized—SomeoneS), a name generally taken to refer to a comparable neighboring tribal community in the early Islamic period. The common pairing of Kūč with Balūč in Ferdowsī (see, e.g., in Dehḵod, s.vv.) suggests a kind of rhyming combination or even duplication, such as is common in Persian and historically related languages (cf. tār o mār). The Balōč may have entered the historical record as the settled writers’ generic nomads. Because of the significance of their activities at this period they would gradually have become recognized as the nomads par excellence in this particular part of the Islamic world. It is possible, for example, that Balūč, along with Kūč, were terms applied to particular populations which were beyond the control of settled governments; that these populations came to accept the appellation and to see themselves in the cultural terms of the larger, more organized society that was established in the major agricultural territories; but they remained, then as now, a congeries of tribal communities of various origins. There is also ethnographic evidence to suggest that Balūč, irrespective of its etymology, may be applied to nomadic groups by the settled population as a generic appellation in other parts of eastern and southern Iran.
B. Spooner, Encyclopedia Iranica, "Baluch: Geography, History, Ethnography”
Sequence read this post »

پیوند به مقاله ی اصلی مفهوم واژه‌ی کرد و قوم “*”

نگارنده با پژوهش‌های گسترده روی این موضوع(و متون تاریخی و قول محققان برجسته) بر این باور است که نام کرد تنها و تنها در معنی اصلی آن یک معنی اجتماعی داشته است و برای ایرانی‌زبانان که یک نوع شیوه‌ی زندگی خاصی داشتند. هرچند چند منبع کهن حتی اقوام غیرایرانی(مانند عرب) را نیز “*” دانسته‌اند.

خوانندگان می توانند به ادبیات کلاسیک فارسی نیز رجوع کرد. شاعران و نویسندگان پارسی گوی در قرن های اول اسلام واژهء کُرد را به معنای چوپان و شبان به کار برده اند.

رودکی گوید:

از بخت و کیان خود بگذشتم و پَردَختم / چون کُرد بماندستم تنها من و این باهو (باهو به معنای چوبدستی شبانان).

در اسرار التوحید نیز آمده است: کُرد بود و گوسفند دار. در گویش طبری امروز هنوز واژهء کُرد به همین معنا به کار می رود. عرب های سورستان (عراق و سوریه امروز) He was called.

In the historical period after the Arab invasion of Iran, the word Kurdish was used to mean herdsmen and nomads of the great Iranian plateau, and it never means a specific language, a specific people, or a specific culture.. Even today, the word still means a specific language or a specific group of languages ​​that are not, and in fact is names you. برای نمونه زبانهای سورانی و کرمانجی نه یک گویش از هم بلکه دو زبان متفاوت در حد تفاوت انگلیسی و آلمانی شناخته می‌شوند.
Sequence read this post »

پیوند به مقاله ی اصلی مفهوم واژه‌ی کرد و قوم “*”

نگارنده با پژوهش‌های گسترده روی این موضوع(و متون تاریخی و قول محققان برجسته) بر این باور است که نام کرد تنها و تنها در معنی اصلی آن یک معنی اجتماعی داشته است و برای ایرانی‌زبانان که یک نوع شیوه‌ی زندگی خاصی داشتند. هرچند چند منبع کهن حتی اقوام غیرایرانی(مانند عرب) را نیز “*” دانسته‌اند.

خوانندگان می توانند به ادبیات کلاسیک فارسی نیز رجوع کرد. شاعران و نویسندگان پارسی گوی در قرن های اول اسلام واژهء کُرد را به معنای چوپان و شبان به کار برده اند.

رودکی گوید:

از بخت و کیان خود بگذشتم و پَردَختم / چون کُرد بماندستم تنها من و این باهو (باهو به معنای چوبدستی شبانان).

در اسرار التوحید نیز آمده است: کُرد بود و گوسفند دار. در گویش طبری امروز هنوز واژهء کُرد به همین معنا به کار می رود. عرب های سورستان (عراق و سوریه امروز) He was called.

In the historical period after the Arab invasion of Iran, the word Kurdish was used to mean herdsmen and nomads of the great Iranian plateau, and it never means a specific language, a specific people, or a specific culture.. Even today, the word still means a specific language or a specific group of languages ​​that are not, and in fact is names you. برای نمونه زبانهای سورانی و کرمانجی نه یک گویش از هم بلکه دو زبان متفاوت در حد تفاوت انگلیسی و آلمانی شناخته می‌شوند.
Sequence read this post »

Original Address People “Fares” Iranian ethnic

Darius and Xerxes - Achaemenid kings - in some of their surviving texts, call themselves "an Aryan of Aryan descent" and at the same time “The son of a Parsi Parsi”.

So we can say that during the Achaemenid Persians called a branch of the Aryan peoples there. We read about the meaning of Persian word:

Jan Tavernier, “Iranica in the Achamenid Period (c.a. 550-330 B.C.); lexicon of old Iranian proper names and loanwords, attested in non-Iranian texts. Volume 158 of Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Peeters Publisher, 2007. Pg 28:

{It should not be amazing that several proposals concerning the etymology of Parsa have been put forward. In Hoffman’s eye (1940: 142) the name is related to Old Indian Parsu-, the name of warrior tribe. Eilers (1954: 188: also Harmatta 1971c: 221-222) he uses Assyrian Parsua to prove Parsa — evolved from *Parsva-. Again Eilers (1987:49) finds another Old Indian word to explain Parsa. This time it is “Parsu”-, “rib, sickle”. More recently Skalmowski (1995:311) pointed out that Pars(u)a is the equivalent of Old Indian parsva, “the region of the ribs, immediate neighborhood”}

Diakonoff, I.M. (1985), “Media I: The Medes and their Neighbours”, in Gershevitch, Ilya, Cambridge History of Iran, 2, Cambridge University Press, pg 62:

According to E. Grantovsky, the meaning of the term is “side”, “rib” and as an etymology, “those with strong ribs”.

And the eminent Iranologist George Morgenstriene has shown that Parsa, Pahlu, Pashtu, Parthia and etc. are all cognates of the same word.

See: Morgenstriene, George 1973: ‘Pashto’, ‘Pathan’ and the treatment of R + sibilant in Pashto,in: Indo-Dardica, Wiesbaden: Reichert, 168–174.
Sequence read this post »

Original Address People “Fares” Iranian ethnic

Darius and Xerxes - Achaemenid kings - in some of their surviving texts, call themselves "an Aryan of Aryan descent" and at the same time “The son of a Parsi Parsi”.

So we can say that during the Achaemenid Persians called a branch of the Aryan peoples there. We read about the meaning of Persian word:

Jan Tavernier, “Iranica in the Achamenid Period (c.a. 550-330 B.C.); lexicon of old Iranian proper names and loanwords, attested in non-Iranian texts. Volume 158 of Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Peeters Publisher, 2007. Pg 28:

{It should not be amazing that several proposals concerning the etymology of Parsa have been put forward. In Hoffman’s eye (1940: 142) the name is related to Old Indian Parsu-, the name of warrior tribe. Eilers (1954: 188: also Harmatta 1971c: 221-222) he uses Assyrian Parsua to prove Parsa — evolved from *Parsva-. Again Eilers (1987:49) finds another Old Indian word to explain Parsa. This time it is “Parsu”-, “rib, sickle”. More recently Skalmowski (1995:311) pointed out that Pars(u)a is the equivalent of Old Indian parsva, “the region of the ribs, immediate neighborhood”}

Diakonoff, I.M. (1985), “Media I: The Medes and their Neighbours”, in Gershevitch, Ilya, Cambridge History of Iran, 2, Cambridge University Press, pg 62:

According to E. Grantovsky, the meaning of the term is “side”, “rib” and as an etymology, “those with strong ribs”.

And the eminent Iranologist George Morgenstriene has shown that Parsa, Pahlu, Pashtu, Parthia and etc. are all cognates of the same word.

See: Morgenstriene, George 1973: ‘Pashto’, ‘Pathan’ and the treatment of R + sibilant in Pashto,in: Indo-Dardica, Wiesbaden: Reichert, 168–174.
Sequence read this post »

نشانی مقاله ی اصلی: Iranian people

دانشمندان متعقد هستند که گروهی به نام زبانهای ایرانی(Aryan) including Dari languages (Dari is a type of Parsi, which actually means Persians of Iranian descent in the Islamic era, and not a specific group as we will see.) و لکی و لری و لاری و گیلکی و تالشی و سورانی و بختیاری و کرمانجی و زازایی و کلهری و بلوچی و هورامی و جافی و زبانهای مرکزی (خوانساری و گلپایگانی و انارکی و سیوندی غیره) همه جزو زبان‌های خانواده ایرانی هستند. دوره‌ی میانه این زبانها همان پارثی و پهلوی ساسانی و سکایی و سغدی و خوارزمی میباشد و از دوره‌ی باستان ما مادی و سکایی باستان و پارسی باستان و اوستا را داریم.

برای نمونه بنگرید به:

Rüdiger Schmitt (Hg.): Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden (Reichert 1989)

G. Windfuhr, The iranian Languages, Routledge, 2009

http://www.iranica.com/articles/iran-vi-iranian-languages-and-scripts

نقشه زیر تا حدی این موضوع را روشن میکند:

البته زبانهای دیگری ایرانی مانند لری/لکی/تالشی/گیلکی/طبری/دیلمی/هورامی/زازایی .. و غیره در این نقشه نیامده است(زیرا نقشه تنها نمونه‌هایی را اورده است و نه همه این گویشها/زبانها). از دیدگاه‌ تاریخی نیز همواره این گروه‌ها در یک سرزمین مشترک زندگی کرده‌اند و همه از یک ریشه تباری/نژادی/زبانی میباشند.
Sequence read this post »

نشانی مقاله ی اصلی Aryans

Darius Kiyani

الف) The word "Ariya" in the Avestan language is "Iriya / Airya", also Persian "Aryeh / Ariya» and the Sanskrit language «Ariya / It is Arya. This name-word means "noble, honorable, free and friendly". [Fry, p 2 ; Froshi, p 11 ; Ismailpour, p 79].
"Aryan" people or in other words "Indo-Virani" is the eastern branch of a great people called "Indo-European" who in the third millennium B.C.. They rose from the lands located in the plains of southern Russia, the eastern and lower reaches of the Dnieper River, the North Caucasus, and the western Urals, and gradually gained large parts of Europe and Asia. [Gershman, p 9 And 4 ـ 52 ; Dushangeman (1375) , p 21 ; Spring (1377) , p 143 ; Spring (1376) , p. 6 385 ; Spring (1352) , P. Hfdeh; Froshi, P. Peng; Ismailpour, p 78].
Sequence read this post »